iGeo 2012, Писмен тест — Задача 17. Section C: Climate and Climate Change
Written Response Test — Question and Answer Booklet — 9th International Geography Olympiad — Cologne, Germany — 21–27 August 2012 · 21 август 2012 г. · 4 т.
Внимание: Бележка към темата
The Source Booklet (Sources A1–F1) referred to in the questions is not part of this paper's files; only the copies of Source B1 Maps A and B and Sources E1 and E3 printed in the answer booklet are reproduced.
Instructions for the students
- This test consists of 6 sections.
- The maximum total mark is 90. The mark for each question is given at the beginning of the question.
There are a maximum of 15 marks for each section. - Give only the required number of answers (reasons, examples, et cetera). For instance, if the question asks for 2 reasons and you give more than 2, only the first 2 reasons will be marked.
- Answer all questions in the spaces provided in this booklet.
- Check the backs of pages as questions are printed on both sides of a page.
- Fill in your name, team and student number on the front page of this booklet.
- Fill in your iGeo student number in the boxes on top of the pages in this booklet.
- The Source Booklet contains the maps and figures referred to in the questions.
- Time: 180 minutes for non-native English speakers; 150 minutes for native English speakers.
- Non-native English speakers may use bilingual dictionaries during the test.
- You may use a calculator during the test.
- You may use the atlas provided during the test.
Good luck!
Marking scheme - overview
| section A | section B | section C | section D | section E | section F |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 - 2m | 1 - 1m | 1 - 3m | 1 - 3m | 1 - 4m | 1 - 4m |
| 2 - 1m | 2 - 1m | 2 - 3m | 2 - 8m | 2 - 1m | 2 - 2m |
| 3 - 4m | 3 - 1m | 3 - 3m | 3 - 4m | 3 - 3m | 3 - 3m |
| 4 - 1m | 4 - 9m | 4 - 2m | 4 - 1m | 4 - 6m | |
| 5 - 1m | 5 - 3m | 5 - 4m | 5 - 1m | ||
| 6 - 2m | 6 - 3m | ||||
| 7 - 4m | 7 - 2 m | ||||
| 15 marks | 15 marks | 15 marks | 15 marks | 15 marks | 15 marks |
Условие
Climate change is a huge international challenge. Some strategies which governments are putting in place to reduce the impacts of climate change include:
a) transport strategies;
b) agricultural strategies;
c) energy strategies.
Choose 2 of these strategies. For each strategy you have chosen, identify 2 specific actions and explain how they will result in reducing the impacts of climate change. Use the table below to record your answers.
| Strategy | Examples of specific actions and their impacts |
|---|---|
| 1: | 1: … |
| 2: … | |
| 2: | 1: … |
| 2: … |
Решение
4 marks
1 mark for each full explanation given
Energy
- Replacing fossil fuels by a variety of alternative energy sources like wind power, solar energy, biofuels, heat pumps, etc, will result in less being released into the atmosphere, thus reducing the potential warming.
- More efficient use of energy, including reduced use of energy. This includes insulation of houses, energy efficient machines, energy saving pulps etc. As much of the energy used is derived from fossil fuels, reducing the amount of energy used will result in less being released into the atmosphere, thus reducing the potential warming.
Transport
Increase numbers of electric cars. As long as the electricity is derived from non-fossil fuel sources, this will result in fewer greenhouse gases (, CO) being released into the atmosphere, thus reducing the potential warming.
Subsidies for hydrogen-fuelled cars. These produce no greenhouse gases during operation and so will result in fewer greenhouse gases being released into the atmosphere, thus reducing the potential warming.
Make it easier for people to use bicycles to commute. Same explanation as hydrogen cars.
Provide incentives for people to use public transport. Public transport is a more efficient way of moving people – ie uses less energy to move the same number of people than in cars. Public transport options often don’t use diesel/petrol, e.g gas-powered buses, electric (which can derive from non-fossil fuels) trains. These factors mean that less greenhouse gases are produced, thus reducing potential warming.
Transfer freight to railways. More efficient way of moving freight. Same explanation as public transport.
Agriculture
Assisting farmers to switch to crops that better suit the new climate will mitigate the effects of climate change in that essential food production will be maintained. This will also assist farmers to retain their source of income.
Opening up new areas which become suited to cropping because of changes in temperature or rainfall, eg northern Canada and Russia. This will mitigate the effects of climate change in that essential food production will be maintained.
Research programmes to breed cattle that emit less methane, a powerful greenhouse gas. Less greenhouse gases being released into the atmosphere will reduce the potential warming.
Provide better irrigation
Improved protection against floods and landslides
Improving efficiency of production of foodstuffs for livestock
Оригинал в Архива: 2012WRTQandA.pdf · официални решения: 2012WRTmarkingscheme.pdf