iGeo 2012, Писмен тест — Задача 29. Section F: Agriculture
Written Response Test — Question and Answer Booklet — 9th International Geography Olympiad — Cologne, Germany — 21–27 August 2012 · 21 август 2012 г. · 2 т.
Внимание: Бележка към темата
The Source Booklet (Sources A1–F1) referred to in the questions is not part of this paper's files; only the copies of Source B1 Maps A and B and Sources E1 and E3 printed in the answer booklet are reproduced.
Instructions for the students
- This test consists of 6 sections.
- The maximum total mark is 90. The mark for each question is given at the beginning of the question.
There are a maximum of 15 marks for each section. - Give only the required number of answers (reasons, examples, et cetera). For instance, if the question asks for 2 reasons and you give more than 2, only the first 2 reasons will be marked.
- Answer all questions in the spaces provided in this booklet.
- Check the backs of pages as questions are printed on both sides of a page.
- Fill in your name, team and student number on the front page of this booklet.
- Fill in your iGeo student number in the boxes on top of the pages in this booklet.
- The Source Booklet contains the maps and figures referred to in the questions.
- Time: 180 minutes for non-native English speakers; 150 minutes for native English speakers.
- Non-native English speakers may use bilingual dictionaries during the test.
- You may use a calculator during the test.
- You may use the atlas provided during the test.
Good luck!
Marking scheme - overview
| section A | section B | section C | section D | section E | section F |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 - 2m | 1 - 1m | 1 - 3m | 1 - 3m | 1 - 4m | 1 - 4m |
| 2 - 1m | 2 - 1m | 2 - 3m | 2 - 8m | 2 - 1m | 2 - 2m |
| 3 - 4m | 3 - 1m | 3 - 3m | 3 - 4m | 3 - 3m | 3 - 3m |
| 4 - 1m | 4 - 9m | 4 - 2m | 4 - 1m | 4 - 6m | |
| 5 - 1m | 5 - 3m | 5 - 4m | 5 - 1m | ||
| 6 - 2m | 6 - 3m | ||||
| 7 - 4m | 7 - 2 m | ||||
| 15 marks | 15 marks | 15 marks | 15 marks | 15 marks | 15 marks |
Условие
Besides soil erosion, identify 2 other forms of degradation that affect agricultural land and briefly describe their effects.
Решение
2 marks – 2 forms of degradation, ½ mark for identifying, and ½ mark for describing effects
- Soil salinization, often caused by irrigation farming or land clearing, leads to a decline in soil fertility. Farmers have to change to more salt-tolerant crops, or in severe cases, the land becomes completely unusable. Salinization also damages farm infrastructure such as pipes and machinery.
- Desertification – can be caused by overgrazing (rapid population growth – increase in livestock number): vegetation destruction, but also by natural changes in local climate.. Farmers need to change their production, eg from crops to livestock, or in severe cases, abandon the land altogether.
- Soil contamination/pollution, for instance by overuse of pesticides. Remediation is expensive. The contamination limits what can be grown on the land in the future. For instance land treated with a lot of pesticides to grow sugar, can’t then be used for growing vegetables.
- Other valid forms of agricultural degradation – check with group leaders
Оригинал в Архива: 2012WRTQandA.pdf · официални решения: 2012WRTmarkingscheme.pdf