iGeo 2019, Писмен тест — Задача 1. Section A: Agriculture and Climate Change
16th International Geography Olympiad — Hong Kong — 30 July – 5 August 2019 — Written Response Test — Question and Answer Booklet · 30 юли 2019 г. · 15 т.
Внимание: Бележка към темата
The Resource Booklet (Figures A1–F2, Tables C1 and E1 and the Section C instructions) referred to in the questions is not part of this archive file.
Корица
Do NOT open the Booklet before instructed to do so by a supervisor.
Name: … Team: …
iGeo student number: …
Instructions for Students
Fill in your name, team and iGeo student number on the front page of this Question and Answer Booklet.
Fill in your iGeo student number in the boxes on top of each of the pages in this Booklet.
This test consists of 6 Sections.
The maximum total mark is 90. The mark for each question is given in the margin at the beginning of the question.
There is a maximum of 15 marks for each Section.Answer all questions in the spaces provided in this Booklet in English. Keep the left margin free for markers.
Please write clearly.
Please use blue (or black) pen, not pencil.
Check the backs of pages as questions are written on both sides.There are blank pages which you can use as additional space for your notes. Please cross through any notes so that we know they are not part of your answers.
If you use these pages for answers, please label them clearly with the Section and question number (e.g. A1).Where appropriate, please write sentences or phrases not single words.
Give only the required number of answers (reasons, examples, etc.). For instance, if the question asks for 2 reasons and you give more than 2, only the first 2 reasons will be marked.
The Resource Booklet contains Figures referred to in this Booklet. Do not write any of your answers in Resource Booklet.
You may use a calculator during the test.
Students not educated in English are allowed to use bilingual dictionaries during the test.
Time: 180 minutes for students not educated in English (+10 minutes reading time),
150 minutes for students educated in English (+10 minutes reading time).
Good luck!
Written Response Test
Contributions from: Australia, China Taipei, Romania
Committee Convenor: Dubravka Spevec (Croatia)
Deputy: Mark Higginbottom (UK)
Director of Tests: Sue Lomas (UK)
Instructions for Markers
Check if the iGeo student numbers are on each sheet before dividing up the Test.
This test consists of 6 Sections.
The maximum total mark is 90. The mark for each question is given in the margin at the beginning of the question.
There is a maximum of 15 marks for each Section.One whole Section per (at least) one pair of markers.
Get the hang of the full range of answers by reading through a few papers with your co-marker before you start your marking. You can mark together (especially for level marking), or after establishing a consensus on how to mark for thoroughness and consistency, act as each other’s double-checkers by marking half of the test and then swapping the pile.
We strongly recommend whenever in doubt, consult your marking partner and, if appropriate, one of the designated Moderators – Dubravka or Mark.Please develop your own marking/correcting notation system (using +/-, x/0, √ marks), underlining, comments etc. to ease double-checking and sample marking.
These answers here are not exhaustive. Credit any relevant answer.
Check whether the answer continues outside the designated area, in the margins or as clearly marked on blank pages. No credits will be given to answers in the Resource Booklet.
The Test uses two marking systems: point and level marking.
Half marks can only be given where indicated as the total of 90 marks will yield only 40% of the total Olympiad result.
Mark only the required number of answers (reasons, examples etc.). For instance, if the question asks for 2 reasons and there is more than 2, only the first 2 reasons should be marked.
Put your final mark next to the question number in the column on the left – it eases the work of the person who has to put the numbers into MS Excel. Please write your numbers clearly.
Please write down any inconsistencies of the Marking Scheme, revisions and additional answers or answers not accepted on the Notes page at the end of the Booklet (e-mail is preferred) and hand them in after marking to improve the final Marking Scheme that will be uploaded to show the actual marking.
The Moderators (Dubravka and Mark) will sample the marking of all teams.
Command Terms for use in Written Response Test
| Terms | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Assess | make a judgment on the significance, relevance, value or quality of something by carefully weighing the advantages and disadvantages, the positive and negative features |
| Describe | give a factual statement of the distinctive features of something, e.g. for a landform, its shape, dimensions, composition, location (do not explain) |
| Discuss | give a thorough account from different points of view |
| Draw | make a clearly defined diagram, flowchart or map, and include labels |
| Evaluate | consider several arguments or options and come to a conclusion about their importance or success |
| Explain | give a reason, a cause, an effect, a consequence for why or how something happens |
| Identify | name, select, point out something |
| List | identify or name a number of specific things |
| Name | state or specify, using a word or words by which something is known |
| Outline | give the main points or general principles of something, omitting minor details, and usually emphasizing structure and relationships |
| Suggest | put forward an idea or a reason |
In level marking in order to credit higher marks the response has to cover a multi-perspective view with a range of factors/impacts from different spatial and temporal scales forming a thorough and well-elaborated account.
Written Response Test
Contributions from: Australia, China Taipei, Romania
Committee Convenor: Dubravka Spevec (Croatia)
Deputy: Mark Higginbottom (UK)
Director of Tests: Sue Lomas (UK)
Условие
1. Study Resource Booklet Figure A1: Impact of climate change on agricultural yields between 2003 and 2080 (projections).
Identify the 4 areas (major regions) that will face the most negative impact of climate change on its agricultural yields. [2 т.]
2. Outline 3 effects of climate change on agricultural yields. For each effect fully explain how it will impact agriculture in the future. [6 т.]
3. What do you understand by the term “climate-smart agriculture”? [1 т.]
4. Discuss 3 advantages and 3 disadvantages of a smart agriculture. [6 т.]
Отговори
- 1. Africa; Northern and central part of Australia; most of South America; South and South-West Asia; southern part of North America (Mexico and parts of USA)
Решение
1. (2 m)
Answer (point marking – 0.5 mark for each correctly identified area/region/continent):
- Africa
- Northern and central part of Australia
- most of South America
- South and South-West Asia
- southern part of North America (Mexico and parts of USA)
2. (6 m)
Answer (point marking - 2 marks for each of 3 correctly outlined and explained effects):
- temperature rise influence on reduction of surface water and droughts which leads to loss of arable land, crop (yield) failure (decrease)
- excessive heat can increase weed and insects/pest, and disease pressures (insects/pests cause great damage to crops)
- excessive precipitation will raise flood risk which will lead to damage of crops and remove of topsoil (loss of fertile soil surface layers)
- sea level rising due to climate change can cause loss of fertile coastal land once used for agriculture
- climate change influence on loss of natural resources (removes habitats and food for beneficial insects, dries up water sources)
- changing of weather patterns can force farmers to adopt new agricultural practices due to altered climate conditions and conditions of soil
3. (1 m)
Answer (point marking – 1 mark for included at least 2 explanations listed below or 1 very well developed explanation):
Agriculture that:
- uses wireless technology and GPS (drones, mobile phones, tablets…),
- sustainably increases productivity,
- enhances resilience (adaptation),
- reduces/removes GHGs (greenhouse gases) (mitigation) where possible
- enhances achievement of national food security and development goals,
- requires a major shift in the way agricultural resources (soil, water, nutrients...) are being managed
4. (6 m)
Answer (point marking – 1 mark for each of 3 correctly discussed advantages and 3 correctly discussed disadvantages):
ADVANTAGES
- it allows farmers to maximize yields using minimum resources such as water, fertilizers, seeds etc.
- solar powered and mobile operated pumps for watering/irrigation of land save cost of electricity
- lower water consumption for agricultural production due to soil moisture sensors and more accurate weather forecasting
- smart agriculture use drones and robots which helps in many ways and that improves data collection process and helps in wireless monitoring and control of agriculture fields
- it is cost effective method (lowered production cost because of better resource efficiency through automatized processes in crop management)
- it delivers high quality crop production
- reduces environmental footprint
DISADVANTAGES
- high costs of implementation of smart-agriculture technology and necessary equipment for monitoring (drones, robots etc.)
- since smart agriculture needs availability of internet continuously, that could be a problem for many rural part of most of the developing countries because they do not fulfil this requirement; where the internet connection is available, it is much slower
- the smart farming based equipment require farmers to understand and learn the use of technology (additional education of farmers) and that is major challenge for local people in adopting smart agriculture farming at large scale across the countries (especially less developed ones)
- using robots in planting/seeding and harvesting reduces manual labour so in some countries that could mean unemployment
- increased price of food
Notes page
This page is intentionally blank (you can use it for your notes (please cross them through afterwards) or for answers, which are clearly labelled with the Section and question number).
Оригинал в Архива: 2019WRT_QA_Booklet.pdf · официални решения: 2019WRT_Marking_Scheme.pdf