IAO 2004, Всички кръгове — Задача 14. α8. Sunrise

IX International Astronomy Olympiad · 1 октомври 2004 г.

Внимание: Бележка към темата

Old photocopy scan. Two short passages of the official solutions are lost where the photocopied pages join (problem 4 between pages 4 and 5, the Sunrise solution between pages 13 and 14). The sky maps of the observational round are not in the archive file.

Условие

The White Bear and Penguin (whom was already met in the texts of the VII and VIII International Astronomy Olympiads) decided to meet each other. For this purpose they arrived to Crimea a few days before the IX Olympiad and they decided to observe sunrise at the day of the autumnal equinox. «I shall go to the Eastern point of Crimea and see the sunrise before others», – the Penguin has said. «No, I shall see the sunrise earlier, because I’ll climb to the highest mountain in Crimea – Roman-Kosh», – the Bear parried. Who is right? On how many minutes or seconds earlier will he see the sunrise? Make a table with all data, which you have found or recollected and used in solving the problem. The solution has to include a picture with an image of the Bear on the mountain Roman-Kosh and the Penguin at the coast of the Kerch channel; the necessary linear or angular sizes should be in the picture. Assume that the Earth is spherical. Recollect for yourself the necessary information about the White Bear and the Penguin.
A map of Crimea is attached.
(Note: the answer «Медведь / Bear» or «Пингвин / Penguin» has to be written in English or Russian.)

Outline map of Crimea with a grid of meridians 33°, 34°, 35°, 36° and parallels 45°, 46°; marked are Simferopol / Симферополь, Sevastopol / Севастополь, Simeiz / Симеиз, Yalta / Ялта and m.Roman-Cosh / г. Роман-Кош 1545 м.

Отговори

Решение

Group α, theoretical round

Data from the “Table of planetary data” may be used for the solving of every problem.
And the White Bear and Penguin are waiting for you on the practical round.

Group β, theoretical round

Data from the “Table of planetary data” may be used for the solving of every problem.
And the White Bear and Penguin are waiting for you in the practical round.

Parameters of orbits. Physical characteristics of some planets, Moon and Sun

Элементы орбит. Физические характеристики некоторых планет, Луны и Солнца

Body, planetAverage distance to central body, in astr. unitsAverage distance to central body, in mln. kmSidereal (or analogous) period, in trop. yearsSidereal (or analogous) period, in daysEccentricity eEquat. diameter, kmMass, 102410^{24} kgAv. density, g/cm3^3Grav. acceler. at surf., m/s2^2Max. magn. from Earth **)Albedo
Солнце Sun1,6⋅1091{,}6\cdot10^{9}2,5⋅10112{,}5\cdot10^{11}2,2⋅1082{,}2\cdot10^{8}8⋅10108\cdot10^{10}139200019890001,409−26,8m-26{,}8^{m}
Меркурий Mercury0,38757,90,24187,970,2064 8790,33025,433,70−2,2m-2{,}2^{m}0,06
Венера Venus0,723108,20,615224,700,00712 1044,86905,248,87−4,7m-4{,}7^{m}0,78
Земля Earth1,000149,61,000365,260,01712 7565,97425,5159,810,36
Луна Moon0,002570,384400,074827,32170,0553 4750,07353,341,62−12,7m-12{,}7^{m}0,07

**) Для внешних планет и Луны – в среднем противостоянии.
**) For outer planets and Moon – in mean opposition.


Оригинал в Архива: iao2004.pdf