iGeo 2012, Писмен тест — Задача 20. Section D: Vulnerability to Natural Hazards in the Pacific Islands
Written Response Test — Question and Answer Booklet — 9th International Geography Olympiad — Cologne, Germany — 21–27 August 2012 · 21 август 2012 г. · 4 т.
Внимание: Бележка към темата
The Source Booklet (Sources A1–F1) referred to in the questions is not part of this paper's files; only the copies of Source B1 Maps A and B and Sources E1 and E3 printed in the answer booklet are reproduced.
Instructions for the students
- This test consists of 6 sections.
- The maximum total mark is 90. The mark for each question is given at the beginning of the question.
There are a maximum of 15 marks for each section. - Give only the required number of answers (reasons, examples, et cetera). For instance, if the question asks for 2 reasons and you give more than 2, only the first 2 reasons will be marked.
- Answer all questions in the spaces provided in this booklet.
- Check the backs of pages as questions are printed on both sides of a page.
- Fill in your name, team and student number on the front page of this booklet.
- Fill in your iGeo student number in the boxes on top of the pages in this booklet.
- The Source Booklet contains the maps and figures referred to in the questions.
- Time: 180 minutes for non-native English speakers; 150 minutes for native English speakers.
- Non-native English speakers may use bilingual dictionaries during the test.
- You may use a calculator during the test.
- You may use the atlas provided during the test.
Good luck!
Marking scheme - overview
| section A | section B | section C | section D | section E | section F |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 - 2m | 1 - 1m | 1 - 3m | 1 - 3m | 1 - 4m | 1 - 4m |
| 2 - 1m | 2 - 1m | 2 - 3m | 2 - 8m | 2 - 1m | 2 - 2m |
| 3 - 4m | 3 - 1m | 3 - 3m | 3 - 4m | 3 - 3m | 3 - 3m |
| 4 - 1m | 4 - 9m | 4 - 2m | 4 - 1m | 4 - 6m | |
| 5 - 1m | 5 - 3m | 5 - 4m | 5 - 1m | ||
| 6 - 2m | 6 - 3m | ||||
| 7 - 4m | 7 - 2 m | ||||
| 15 marks | 15 marks | 15 marks | 15 marks | 15 marks | 15 marks |
Условие
Identify 2 management strategies that one or more of these islands could adopt to reduce the possibility of natural hazards becoming natural disasters. Explain how each strategy would lead to the reduction of damage and loss of life.
Решение
4 marks
1 mark for each strategy (up to 2), and 1 mark for each explanation as to how the strategy could reduce damage and loss of life
- risk assessment and community preparedness, educating people about risks and what to do, eg. Earthquake drill. If people already know what to do when a hazard occurs, then they are more likely to do that during an emergency, e.g. knowing to move to a cyclone-proof building in advance of the cyclone hitting; people close to the sea knowing to move to higher land after feeing a strong earthquake. This will reduce loss of life.
- monitoring systems and warnings – radio alerts. E.g. meteorologists tracking a cyclone and warnings of an approaching cyclone then being broadcast on radio. These give people more time to prepare - get to a safer area and prepare their buildings (e.g. cyclone shutters) thus leading to less loss of life and less damage,
- engineering for mitigation, e.g. improved flood defences, earthquake-proof buildings. These potentially stop damage occurring to more high-value property, and protect the population.
- islands collaborating to provide more resources (capital, human) to build better defences, e.g. cooperating to deploy the buoys in a tsunami-warning system that spans multiple countries; sharing personnel and equipment for finding and recovering people trapped during an earthquake.
- Land use zones, building in more suitable, less vulnerable areas.
Watch for repeated ideas, eg. Moving inland/moving to higher ground both relocation.
Оригинал в Архива: 2012WRTQandA.pdf · официални решения: 2012WRTmarkingscheme.pdf