iGeo 2019, Писмен тест — Задача 6. Section F: Water Security
16th International Geography Olympiad — Hong Kong — 30 July – 5 August 2019 — Written Response Test — Question and Answer Booklet · 30 юли 2019 г. · 15 т.
Внимание: Бележка към темата
The Resource Booklet (Figures A1–F2, Tables C1 and E1 and the Section C instructions) referred to in the questions is not part of this archive file.
Корица
Do NOT open the Booklet before instructed to do so by a supervisor.
Name: … Team: …
iGeo student number: …
Instructions for Students
Fill in your name, team and iGeo student number on the front page of this Question and Answer Booklet.
Fill in your iGeo student number in the boxes on top of each of the pages in this Booklet.
This test consists of 6 Sections.
The maximum total mark is 90. The mark for each question is given in the margin at the beginning of the question.
There is a maximum of 15 marks for each Section.Answer all questions in the spaces provided in this Booklet in English. Keep the left margin free for markers.
Please write clearly.
Please use blue (or black) pen, not pencil.
Check the backs of pages as questions are written on both sides.There are blank pages which you can use as additional space for your notes. Please cross through any notes so that we know they are not part of your answers.
If you use these pages for answers, please label them clearly with the Section and question number (e.g. A1).Where appropriate, please write sentences or phrases not single words.
Give only the required number of answers (reasons, examples, etc.). For instance, if the question asks for 2 reasons and you give more than 2, only the first 2 reasons will be marked.
The Resource Booklet contains Figures referred to in this Booklet. Do not write any of your answers in Resource Booklet.
You may use a calculator during the test.
Students not educated in English are allowed to use bilingual dictionaries during the test.
Time: 180 minutes for students not educated in English (+10 minutes reading time),
150 minutes for students educated in English (+10 minutes reading time).
Good luck!
Written Response Test
Contributions from: Australia, China Taipei, Romania
Committee Convenor: Dubravka Spevec (Croatia)
Deputy: Mark Higginbottom (UK)
Director of Tests: Sue Lomas (UK)
Instructions for Markers
Check if the iGeo student numbers are on each sheet before dividing up the Test.
This test consists of 6 Sections.
The maximum total mark is 90. The mark for each question is given in the margin at the beginning of the question.
There is a maximum of 15 marks for each Section.One whole Section per (at least) one pair of markers.
Get the hang of the full range of answers by reading through a few papers with your co-marker before you start your marking. You can mark together (especially for level marking), or after establishing a consensus on how to mark for thoroughness and consistency, act as each other’s double-checkers by marking half of the test and then swapping the pile.
We strongly recommend whenever in doubt, consult your marking partner and, if appropriate, one of the designated Moderators – Dubravka or Mark.Please develop your own marking/correcting notation system (using +/-, x/0, √ marks), underlining, comments etc. to ease double-checking and sample marking.
These answers here are not exhaustive. Credit any relevant answer.
Check whether the answer continues outside the designated area, in the margins or as clearly marked on blank pages. No credits will be given to answers in the Resource Booklet.
The Test uses two marking systems: point and level marking.
Half marks can only be given where indicated as the total of 90 marks will yield only 40% of the total Olympiad result.
Mark only the required number of answers (reasons, examples etc.). For instance, if the question asks for 2 reasons and there is more than 2, only the first 2 reasons should be marked.
Put your final mark next to the question number in the column on the left – it eases the work of the person who has to put the numbers into MS Excel. Please write your numbers clearly.
Please write down any inconsistencies of the Marking Scheme, revisions and additional answers or answers not accepted on the Notes page at the end of the Booklet (e-mail is preferred) and hand them in after marking to improve the final Marking Scheme that will be uploaded to show the actual marking.
The Moderators (Dubravka and Mark) will sample the marking of all teams.
Command Terms for use in Written Response Test
| Terms | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Assess | make a judgment on the significance, relevance, value or quality of something by carefully weighing the advantages and disadvantages, the positive and negative features |
| Describe | give a factual statement of the distinctive features of something, e.g. for a landform, its shape, dimensions, composition, location (do not explain) |
| Discuss | give a thorough account from different points of view |
| Draw | make a clearly defined diagram, flowchart or map, and include labels |
| Evaluate | consider several arguments or options and come to a conclusion about their importance or success |
| Explain | give a reason, a cause, an effect, a consequence for why or how something happens |
| Identify | name, select, point out something |
| List | identify or name a number of specific things |
| Name | state or specify, using a word or words by which something is known |
| Outline | give the main points or general principles of something, omitting minor details, and usually emphasizing structure and relationships |
| Suggest | put forward an idea or a reason |
In level marking in order to credit higher marks the response has to cover a multi-perspective view with a range of factors/impacts from different spatial and temporal scales forming a thorough and well-elaborated account.
Written Response Test
Contributions from: Australia, China Taipei, Romania
Committee Convenor: Dubravka Spevec (Croatia)
Deputy: Mark Higginbottom (UK)
Director of Tests: Sue Lomas (UK)
Условие
1. Study Resource Booklet Figure F1: Global withdrawal and consumption of water from 1900–2025 (projected).
a) Describe the global pattern of water consumption. [1,5 т.]
b) Which graph shows the most waste? Suggest a reason why this is the case. [1,5 т.]
2. What is meant by the term “water insecurity”? [1 т.]
3. Give 4 reasons to explain why water consumption is increasing. [4 т.]
4. Outline 3 strategies which would result in an increased water supply for a country. [3 т.]
5. Study Resource Booklet Figure F2: Water distribution from the River Jordan.
Explain the causes of potential conflict in the withdrawal and consumption of water from the River Jordan. [4 т.]
Отговори
b) Domestic
Graph from Resource Booklet Figure F1 (reason required as well).
Решение
1.
a) (1.5m)
Answer (point marking):
- All sectors have consumption increase (0.5m).
- Agriculture is water based activity and so it has largest consumption necessary for production. (0.5m)
- The smallest consumption has industrial sector (0.5m).
b) (1.5m)
Answer (point marking):
- Graph: Domestic (0.5m)
- Reason: Because improved lifestyles mean more water is being used, e.g. in toilets. Wastage through old pipes; people waste water in showers and in food preparation; no system for recycling the water (1m).
2. (1m)
Answer (point marking):
- Where there is no safe access to clean water to sustain well-being, good health and economic development.
3. (4m)
Answer (point marking – 1 mark for each correct reason):
- World population growth means there are more people to consume water
- Changes in lifestyle and eating habits have increased the average use of water per head
- Global demand for food is expected to increase by 70% by 2050 - water is used to irrigate crops and in food processing
- All sources of energy require water in their production. Global energy consumption is expected to increase by 50% by 2035
- As urbanisation increase more water is needed for drinking, sanitation, and drainage.
4. (3m)
Answer (point marking – 1 mark for each strategy):
- Diverting supplies e.g. surface water evaporates rapidly so can be stored in underground reservoirs
- Building more dams and reservoirs- rainfall can be collected when it is plentiful and then released during drier periods.
- Transferring water from areas of surplus to areas of deficit through pipelines
- Desalination – removing salt from seawater to produce fresh water.
5. (4m)
Answer (point marking – 1 mark for each correct answer):
- Rivers cross international boundaries. Three countries could draw water from the River Jordan.
- Pipelines divert water to other part of Israel through the National water carrier.
- Pollution further upstream by countries such as Syria can pass down to countries further south.
- Global warming may reduce the amount of water available.
Notes page
This page is intentionally blank (you can use it for your notes (please cross them through afterwards) or for answers, which are clearly labelled with the Section and question number).
Оригинал в Архива: 2019WRT_QA_Booklet.pdf · официални решения: 2019WRT_Marking_Scheme.pdf