iGeo 2019, Писмен тест — Задача 5. Section E: Globalisation
16th International Geography Olympiad — Hong Kong — 30 July – 5 August 2019 — Written Response Test — Question and Answer Booklet · 30 юли 2019 г. · 15 т.
Внимание: Бележка към темата
The Resource Booklet (Figures A1–F2, Tables C1 and E1 and the Section C instructions) referred to in the questions is not part of this archive file.
Корица
Do NOT open the Booklet before instructed to do so by a supervisor.
Name: … Team: …
iGeo student number: …
Instructions for Students
Fill in your name, team and iGeo student number on the front page of this Question and Answer Booklet.
Fill in your iGeo student number in the boxes on top of each of the pages in this Booklet.
This test consists of 6 Sections.
The maximum total mark is 90. The mark for each question is given in the margin at the beginning of the question.
There is a maximum of 15 marks for each Section.Answer all questions in the spaces provided in this Booklet in English. Keep the left margin free for markers.
Please write clearly.
Please use blue (or black) pen, not pencil.
Check the backs of pages as questions are written on both sides.There are blank pages which you can use as additional space for your notes. Please cross through any notes so that we know they are not part of your answers.
If you use these pages for answers, please label them clearly with the Section and question number (e.g. A1).Where appropriate, please write sentences or phrases not single words.
Give only the required number of answers (reasons, examples, etc.). For instance, if the question asks for 2 reasons and you give more than 2, only the first 2 reasons will be marked.
The Resource Booklet contains Figures referred to in this Booklet. Do not write any of your answers in Resource Booklet.
You may use a calculator during the test.
Students not educated in English are allowed to use bilingual dictionaries during the test.
Time: 180 minutes for students not educated in English (+10 minutes reading time),
150 minutes for students educated in English (+10 minutes reading time).
Good luck!
Written Response Test
Contributions from: Australia, China Taipei, Romania
Committee Convenor: Dubravka Spevec (Croatia)
Deputy: Mark Higginbottom (UK)
Director of Tests: Sue Lomas (UK)
Instructions for Markers
Check if the iGeo student numbers are on each sheet before dividing up the Test.
This test consists of 6 Sections.
The maximum total mark is 90. The mark for each question is given in the margin at the beginning of the question.
There is a maximum of 15 marks for each Section.One whole Section per (at least) one pair of markers.
Get the hang of the full range of answers by reading through a few papers with your co-marker before you start your marking. You can mark together (especially for level marking), or after establishing a consensus on how to mark for thoroughness and consistency, act as each other’s double-checkers by marking half of the test and then swapping the pile.
We strongly recommend whenever in doubt, consult your marking partner and, if appropriate, one of the designated Moderators – Dubravka or Mark.Please develop your own marking/correcting notation system (using +/-, x/0, √ marks), underlining, comments etc. to ease double-checking and sample marking.
These answers here are not exhaustive. Credit any relevant answer.
Check whether the answer continues outside the designated area, in the margins or as clearly marked on blank pages. No credits will be given to answers in the Resource Booklet.
The Test uses two marking systems: point and level marking.
Half marks can only be given where indicated as the total of 90 marks will yield only 40% of the total Olympiad result.
Mark only the required number of answers (reasons, examples etc.). For instance, if the question asks for 2 reasons and there is more than 2, only the first 2 reasons should be marked.
Put your final mark next to the question number in the column on the left – it eases the work of the person who has to put the numbers into MS Excel. Please write your numbers clearly.
Please write down any inconsistencies of the Marking Scheme, revisions and additional answers or answers not accepted on the Notes page at the end of the Booklet (e-mail is preferred) and hand them in after marking to improve the final Marking Scheme that will be uploaded to show the actual marking.
The Moderators (Dubravka and Mark) will sample the marking of all teams.
Command Terms for use in Written Response Test
| Terms | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Assess | make a judgment on the significance, relevance, value or quality of something by carefully weighing the advantages and disadvantages, the positive and negative features |
| Describe | give a factual statement of the distinctive features of something, e.g. for a landform, its shape, dimensions, composition, location (do not explain) |
| Discuss | give a thorough account from different points of view |
| Draw | make a clearly defined diagram, flowchart or map, and include labels |
| Evaluate | consider several arguments or options and come to a conclusion about their importance or success |
| Explain | give a reason, a cause, an effect, a consequence for why or how something happens |
| Identify | name, select, point out something |
| List | identify or name a number of specific things |
| Name | state or specify, using a word or words by which something is known |
| Outline | give the main points or general principles of something, omitting minor details, and usually emphasizing structure and relationships |
| Suggest | put forward an idea or a reason |
In level marking in order to credit higher marks the response has to cover a multi-perspective view with a range of factors/impacts from different spatial and temporal scales forming a thorough and well-elaborated account.
Written Response Test
Contributions from: Australia, China Taipei, Romania
Committee Convenor: Dubravka Spevec (Croatia)
Deputy: Mark Higginbottom (UK)
Director of Tests: Sue Lomas (UK)
Условие
1. Study Resource Booklet Table E1: Growth of popular social media sites (2014–2019). [2 т.]
a) Identify the social media site that has experienced the largest absolute number of global users between 2014 and 2019.
b) Identify the social media site that has experienced the fastest rate of growth in number of global users between 2014 and 2019.
2. What is meant by the term “time-space compression”? [1 т.]
3. Outline 3 factors that have resulted in global time-space compression. [3 т.]
4. Study Resource Booklet Figure E1: The share of world exports and imports by country.
Suggest 2 ways the share of world merchandise exports by country can influence flows of people. [2 т.]
5. Evaluate 1 factor that might account for the spatial variations in Figure E1. [3 т.]
6. Identify and explain 2 reasons why the global shift of industry has had negative impacts on some people in the developed world. [4 т.]
Отговори
- a) Whats App
- b) Snapchat
Решение
1. (2m)
a)
Answer (point marking – 1 mark for correct answer):
- Whats App
b)
Answer (point marking – 1 mark for correct answer):
- Snapchat
2. (1m)
Answer (point marking – 1 mark for correct answer):
Time-space compression refers to the set of processes that cause the relative distances between places (i.e., as measured in terms of travel time or cost) to contract, effectively making such places grow “closer.”
3. (3m)
Answer (point marking – 1 mark for each of 3 correctly outlined factors)
- Faster transport (air and sea)
- Internet connections
- Finance
- Technology / communication
4. (2m)
Answer (point marking – 1 mark for each of the correctly suggested ways):
- The high percentage of world merchandise exports in advanced countries such as the USA or countries within the EU could attract people to these countries looking for employment (1m).
- There is a significantly higher percentage of merchandise exports for northern hemisphere countries compared to southern hemisphere countries and so with greater opportunities for jobs it could cause flows of people from the southern hemisphere to the northern hemisphere (1m).
- Brazil and Saudi Arabia both have a much greater share of world merchandise exports than other countries in their region which could attract a number of people from within the country to these port / hub areas looking for employment (1m).
- The lower percentages of share of world merchandise exports in Africa could cause significant outward migration (1m)
5. (3m)
Answer (point marking):
- Ability to negotiate trade agreements or be in a trade bloc (1) for example being in the EU or NAFTA makes it easier for money and goods to be moved around between around between those countries (1).
- Financial incentives such as the removal or lowering of tariffs when countries trade within these blocs is an incentive to be part of them (1).
- Political instability / conflict (1) can be a barrier to trade leading to low productivity of raw materials and /or manufactured goods and therefore export rates (DEV) as the country invests more heavily in the conflict. It also makes it challenging for goods to travel safely by road, air or shipping destinations (DEV).
- Effects of trade embargoes / economic sanctions (1) the percentage share of a country’s global merchandise exports are lowered as a result of economic sanctions or trade embargoes applied for political reasons (DEV) e.g. the USA applies embargoes against countries which it considers to be state sponsors of terrorism (DEV).
- Level of productivity of a country can be linked to exports (1) exports of the least developed countries are held back by their relatively low productive capacity (because of limited diversification of industry, limited infrastructure, poor governance) (DEV), whereas many ACs have strong global trade with high productivity for merchandise in a wide range of primary and secondary industries including their ability to exploit natural resources (DEV).
6. (4m)
Answer (point marking – 1 mark for identifying reasons why the global shift of industry has created losers in the developed world and a further 3 marks for explanation):
Unemployment (1) has reduced local incomes (1) and therefore government tax revenue (1) so investment declines in infrastructure/local services (1) .
Depopulation(1) means the more skilled/educated leave (1) and mental health issues increase(1) due to lack of hope and self esteem of those left behind (1).
Accept any other appropriate response.
Notes page
This page is intentionally blank (you can use it for your notes (please cross them through afterwards) or for answers, which are clearly labelled with the Section and question number).
Оригинал в Архива: 2019WRT_QA_Booklet.pdf · официални решения: 2019WRT_Marking_Scheme.pdf