iGeo 2013, Писмен тест — Задача 29. Section F: World Development — Question 3
10th International Geography Olympiad — Kyoto, Japan — 30 July – 5 August 2013 — Written Response Test — Question and Answer Booklet · 30 юли 2013 г. · 4 т.
Корица
Do NOT open the Booklet before instructed to do so by a supervisor.
Name: … Team: …
Student number: …
Instructions for the Students
- Fill in your name, team and iGeo student number on the front page of this Question and Answer Booklet.
- Fill in your iGeo student number in the boxes on top of the pages in this Booklet.
- This test consists of 6 Sections.
- The maximum total mark is 90. The mark for each question is given at the beginning of the question.
There are a maximum of 15 marks for each Section. - Answer all questions in the spaces provided in this Booklet.
- Check the backs of pages as questions are printed on both sides of a page.
- Give only the required number of answers (reasons, examples, etc.). For instance, if the question asks for 2 reasons and you give more than 2, only the first 2 reasons will be marked.
- You must use the Diercke International Atlas during the test where referred to in the questions and at your convenience.
- The Resource Booklet contains Sources referred to in the questions.
- You may use a calculator during the test.
- Time: 180 minutes for students not educated in English, 150 minutes for students educated in English.
- Students not educated in English are allowed to use bilingual dictionaries during the test.
Good luck!
Instructions for the Markers
- Check if the iGeo Student Numbers are on each sheet before dividing up the paper.
- This test consists of 6 Sections.
- One whole Section per marker and double-checker.
- Check whether the answer continues outside designated area. No credits will be given to answers in the Resource Booklet.
- The maximum total mark is 90. The mark for each question is given at the beginning of the question.
There are a maximum of 15 marks for each Section. - Get the hang of the full range of answers by reading through a few papers with your co-marker before you start your marking.
- These answers are not exhaustive. Credit any relevant answer.
- Mark only the required number of answers (reasons, examples, etc.). For instance, if the question asks for 2 reasons and there is more than 2, only the first 2 reasons will be marked.
- Put your mark next to the question number in the column on the left – it eases the work of the person who has to put the numbers into MS Excel. Total the marks by the title of the Section.
- Usually whole marks with only these exceptions: A1, B1, C3, E6.
- The Moderators (Sue and Anu) will sample the marking of all teams.
Условие
Complete the table below by suggesting a reason for how each of the following factors:
a) Dependency and a colonial past and
b) World trade and globalisation
has contributed to those countries with the highest levels of development and those with the lowest levels of development.
| Dependency and colonial past | World trade and globalisation | |
|---|---|---|
| Countries with the highest levels of development | ||
| Countries with the lowest levels of development |
Решение
Answer: 4 marks.
| Dependency and colonial past | World trade and globalisation | |
|---|---|---|
| Countries with the highest levels of development | Most countries built their economy on cheap raw materials from the colonies and profits from trade. Now multinational companies based in more developed countries also rely on past colonies to provide cheap labour and raw materials. However there are some exceptions, e.g. Switzerland who never had colonies. | These countries have a higher reliance on manufactured goods with a higher value and more steady prices. These countries are better served by transport routes and are better connected to each other. Countries with highest development have more service industries and more research and development which needs better global connections. |
| Countries with the lowest levels of development | The colonial system supports dependency. To buy goods these countries borrowed from the colonial powers which led to large amounts of debt. These countries also exported their raw materials to their colonial powers and were unable to use them themselves to build their own economies. These countries struggle to get out of the debt cycle. | These countries rely on the production of raw materials and agriculture for their income with fluctuating prices. They have a relatively small share of world trade and rely heavily on primary product for export earnings. The countries on the maps are landlocked countries with difficulties for trade and links with overseas countries. |
Оригинал в Архива: 2013KyotoWRTQuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf · официални решения: 2013KyotoWRTMarkingScheme.docx